| Abstract (croatian) | Ovaj je članak prvi dio rada u kojem autor prikazuje vrlo kompleksnu europsku politiku ugarsko-hrvatskoga kralja Matijaša Korvina od njegova dolaska na vlast 1458. do iznenadne smrti u Beču 1490. godine. Pregled i analiza događaja temeljeni su na istraživanju mnogobrojnih izvora i literature. U uvodu autor daje sažet prikaz života i djela Matijaša Korvina te njegove važnosti za povijest Hrvatske i Ugarske. U nastavku slijedi kratka analiza
domaće i inozemne literature te pregled najvažnijih zbirki izvora za proučavanje toga razdoblja. Glavni je dio rada posvećen vanjskoj politici Matijaša Korvina tijekom njegovih prvih godina vladavine. Obrađuje se odnos obitelji Hunjadi s grofovima Celjskim i kraljem Ladislavom V. Habsburškim u razdoblju prije Matijaševa izbora za kralja, Matijaševo kratkotrajno utamničenje u Češkoj te izbor za kralja u siječnju 1458. Pritom su dane kratke naznake Matijaševa odnosa s majkom Elizabetom i ujakom Mihályem Szilágyjem te
češkim gubernatorom Jurjem Podjebradskim. Zatim autor obrađuje razvoj daljnjih odnosa s Jurjem Podjebradskim nakon izbora za kralja, sukob s Fridrikom III. i Kazimirom IV. oko ugarskoga prijestolja od 1458. do 1463. koji završava svečanom Matijašovom krunidbom u ožujku 1464. godine. Razmatraju se i unutrašnji sukobi Matijaša i visokoga plemstva na čelu s Nikolom Iločkim i Ladislavom Gorjanskim te odraz tih zbivanja na vanjsku politiku kralja Matijaša u tom razdoblju. Obrađuje se i razvoj odnosa s Jurjem Podjebradskim
koji je ponajprije vezan uz njegov brak s Katarinom. U zadnjem
dijelu rada obrađuje se Matijaševa politika prema Bosni i osanskomu Kraljevstvu te njegov sukob sa Stjepanom Tomaševićem. Također se analizira Matijaševa politika prema papinskomu dvoru koja je vezana uz njegov sukob s bosanskim vladarima iz obitelji Kotromanića, te Matijaševe vojne akcije do proljeća 1464. godine koje su vezane uz osmanska osvajanja na Balkanu i pad Bosne. |
| Abstract (english) | This article is the first part of a longer paper, in which the author reviews the very complex European policy of the Hungarian-Croatian king Matthias Corvinus from his ascent to the throne in early 1458 until his sudden death in Vienna in the spring of 1490. The whole paper and analysis of events are based on research of
various sources and literature. In the introduction, the author provides a short overview of the life and works of Matthias Corvinus, which is followed by a brief analysis of Croatian and international
literature and a review of the major sources of information about King Matthias and Central European history in the second half of the 15th century. The article is primarily dedicated to the foreign policy of Matthias Corvinus during the first years of his reign. In the first chapter the author deals with the relationship between the Hunyadi family, the Counts of Celje and King Ladislaus V the Posthumous of
Habsburg, the short period while he was held hostage by George of Poděbrady in Bohemia, and finally his election as King of Hungary in January 1458. The author also gives a short overview of his relationship with his mother Erzsébet Szilágyi, his uncle Mihály Szilágy and George of Poděbrady, Governor of Bohemia. In the
second chapter the author describes events that followed his coronation; marriage to Catherine, daughter of George of Poděbrady, and his war for the Holy crown of Hungary with Frederick III of Habsburg and Casimir IV of Poland. This conflict lasted for several years (from early spring of 1458 to the summer of 1463,
when the Holy Crown was returned to Hungary) and ended in March of 1464 when Matthias was finally crowned with the Holy Crown. In this part of the text the author reviews the interpersonal relations between the most influential Hungarian and Croatian magnates (Ladislav Garai and Nicholas of Ilok), which reflected on Matthias’ foreign policy during the whole period. The author has also analysed the relationship between Matthias and George of Poděbrady until the death of Catherine in February 1464. The last chapter is dedicated to Matthias’ relations with the house of Kotromanić, who ruled the Bosnian kingdom at that time, and his dispute with King Stephen Tomašević, son of Stephen Thomas. The relations with Pope Pius
II, along with correspondence between Matthias, Pius II and Sjepan Tomašević, are also mentioned and interpreted. The last part of the article deals with the fall of the Bosnian kingdom in May of 1463, the death of Stjepan Tomašević in June of 1463, and Matthias’ war with the Ottoman Empire until the winter of 1464. The 192
M. Tomorad: Europska politika Matijaša Korvina
war started in late spring of 1463, when King Matthias turned against the Ottomans, who were threatening his southern provinces after the fall of Serbia (in 1459), and Bosnia (in May, 1463). During the war against the Turks in Bosnia Matthias successfully defeated the Ottoman general Ali Pasha, and liberated the western parts of
Bosnia along with the fortress of Jajce in December of 1463. |
