Filozofski problemi besmrtnosti duše

master's thesis

• Title (english): Philosophical Problems of Immortal Soul
• Author: Jasna Novak
• Mentor: Zvonimir Čuljak (mentor)
• Committee member: Tomislav Janović (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ana Butković (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Zvonimir Čuljak (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Croatian Studies; (Department of Philosophy and Cultural Studies); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018-09-25, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: HUMANISTIC SCIENCES; Philosophy

Abstract

Pitanje postojanja besmrtne duše proteže se još od davnina. Danas mnogi ljudi vjeruju u besmrtnost duše, što možemo vidjeti prema tome koliko ljudi se priklanja pojedinoj religiji. Sve veće religije poput kršćanstva, islama i budizma zastupaju stajalište besmrtne duše. Znanost je ovdje vrlo jasna po pitanju besmrtne duše, ona ne postoji. S druge strane filozofi poput Platona i Descartesa pokušali su nam približiti argumente u prilog postojanja besmrtne duše, a materijalisti ponajviše zanijekati njezino postojanje.
Kršćanstvo i islam zagovaraju kondicionalno opravdanje besmrtnosti duše, odnosno, potrebno je da budemo nagrađeni ili kažnjeni zbog načina života koji smo vodili na zemlji. Stoga postoji besmrtnost duše koja će nakon smrti tijela živjeti ili na nebu ili u paklu. Druge vjere poput budizma i hinduizma zagovaraju reinkarnaciju, nauk o ponovnom ili neprestanom vraćanju duše u tijelo nakon smrti. Duša je besmrtna te se nakon smrti tijela ponovno vraća u novo fizičko tijelo. Karma će odrediti kakav će ih budući život čekati na temelju toga kako su živjeli prethodni život.
Jedan od najznačajnijih filozofa u obrani besmrtnosti duše bio je Platon. U Fedonu nudi četiri dokaza besmrtnosti duše: ciklički dokaz, dokaz iz podsjećanja i dokaz besmrtnosti duše na temelju ontološke srodnosti te posljednji dokaz. Neke od značajnijih argumenata postojanja besmrtne duše ponudili su Toma Akvinski i R. Descartes. Razmatraju postojanje besmrtne duše te nam nude argumente u prilog toj tvrdnji. No nisu svi oduševljeni idejom o vječnoj duši. Našli su se i oni koji kritiziraju postojanje duše, kao što su D. Hume i T. Nagel. Svaki od njih nudi protuargumente postojanja besmrtne duše te kritiziraju ponajviše Platonovu ideju o vječnoj duši.

Abstract (english)

The question of the existence of the immortal soul extends from ancient times. Today many people believe in the immortality of the soul, which can be seen by how people are inclined towards a particular religion. Greater religions such as Christianity, Islam and Buddhism represent the view of the immortal soul. Science here is very clear on the issue of an immortal soul, it does not exist. On the other hand, philosophers like Plato and Descartes try to bring us closer to the question of the existence of the immortal soul with their arguments, and materialists mostly deny its existence.
Christianity and Islam advocate the conditional justification of the immortality of the soul, that is, it is necessary to be rewarded or punished for the way of life we have led on earth. Therefore there is the immortality of the soul that will live after the death of the body either in heaven or in hell. Other faiths such as buddhism and hinduism advocate reincarnation, teachingabout reestablishing or continually restoringthe soul to the body after death. The soul is immortal and is returned to the new physical body after the death of the body. Karma will decide what future life they will be waiting for based on how they lived their previous life.
Plato was one of the most important philosophers in defending the immortality of the soul. He offers us three proofs of immortality in his dialogue Phaedo: Cyclic evidence, an idyllic reminder of the evidence of immortality of the soul on the basis of ontological affinity. Some of the most significant arguments for the existence of the immortal soul were offered by Thomas Aquinas and R. Descartes. They consider the existence of the immortal soul and offer us arguments in support of this assertion. But not everyone is enthusiastic about the idea of the eternal soul. There are also those who criticize the existence of souls, such as D. Hume and T. Nagel. Each of them offers counter-arguments regarding the existence of the immortal soul and criticize Plato's idea of the eternal soul the most.

• Keywords: duša; supstancija; besmrtnost; religija; dualizam; R. Descartes; Platon; D. Hume
• Keywords (english): soul; substance; immortality; religion; dualism; R. Descartes; Plato; D. Hume; parapsychology
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:111:418349
• Study programme: Title: Department of Philosophy; specializations in: scientific, teaching; Course: teaching; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra edukacije filozofije (magistar/magistra edukacije filozofije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2020-01-30 08:08:34