| Abstract | Kaznena djela seksualnih delikata imaju značajne i dugotrajne posljedice po žrtvu, a uz
njih se često vežu i određeni mitovi, kao i visoke stope neprijavljivanja djela policiji.
Stoga je cilj ovog istraživanja bio ispitati razinu pripisane krivnje oštećenici i optuženiku,
uzroke ponašanja optuženika i procjene adekvatnog sankcioniranja maloljetnog
optuženika za seksualni delikt, ovisno o vrsti kaznenog djela i karakteristikama
oštećenice. Uz to, cilj je bio ispitati i doprinos socio-demografskih karakteristika i stavova
javnosti o silovanju i žrtvama te o tretmanu počinitelja i uzrocima njihova ponašanja
pripisivanju krivnje oštećenici i optuženiku te sankcioniranju maloljetnog optuženika za
seksualni delikt. Istraživanje je provedeno online upitnikom na prigodnom uzorku od 360
punoljetnih sudionika (žene 73.3%). U istraživanju su korištene vinjete s opisima
seksualnog delikta, instrumenti: Ljestvica prihvaćanja mitova o silovanju u kratkoj formi
(Payne, Lonsway i Fitzgerald, 1999), Ljestvica stavova o tretmanu seksualnih
prijestupnika (Wnuck, Chapman i Jeglic, 2006) i adaptirana Ljestvica pripisivanja krivnje
(Bieneck i Krahé, 2011) te mjere: vjerodostojnosti žrtve, pripisivanja uzroka ponašanja
optuženika i sankcioniranja optuženika. Rezultati su pokazali kako su sudionici koji su
bili izloženi opisu kaznenog djela silovanja u pokušaju bili statistički značajno skloniji
rehabilitaciji, zagovarali kraće trajanje zatvorske kazne, te medijaciju kao vrstu sankcije
smatrali primjerenijom u opisanom slučaju od sudionika koji su bili izloženi opisu
kaznenog djela silovanja. Sudionici s negativnim stavovima prema seksualnim
prijestupnicima i njihovom tretmanu iskazali su više razine okrivljavanja optuženika,
veću sklonost kažnjavanju optuženika kaznom zatvora, dulje predloženo trajanje kazne
zatvora, češći odabir sankcija kontrole i kazne za optuženika te medijaciju smatrali manje
primjerenom sankcijom. Spol sudionika je zadržao samostalni značajni doprinos te se
pokazalo kako su žene predlagale kraće trajanje kazne zatvora, u većoj mjeri odabirale
sankcije rehabilitacije, a u manjoj mjeri sankcije kontrole i kazne za maloljetnog
optuženika za seksualni delikt. |
| Abstract (english) | Sexual offences lead to significant and protracted consequences suffered by victims, often
are connected to different rape myths, as well as a high rate of non-reporting to the police.
Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the level of attributed guilt to
the damaged party and to the defendant, the causes of the defendant’s behaviour and the
assessment of adequate sanctioning of the juvenile defendant for the sexual offence,
depending on the type of the offence and the characteristics of the damaged party. Also,
the purpose was to examine the contribution of socio-demographic characteristics and
public attitudes about rape, victims of rape, treatment of sexual offenders and the causes
of their behaviour to the attribution of guilt to the damaged party and the defendant, as
well as to the sanctioning of the juvenile defendant for the sexual offence. This study was
carried out using an online questionnaire on a convenience sample of 360 participant over
the age of 18 (73.3% women). Vignettes with descriptions of the sexual offence were
used in the study, as well as the following instruments: Illinois Rape Acceptancy Scale
Short Form (Payne, Lonsway i Fitzgerald, 1999), Attitudes Towards the Treatment of Sex
Offenders(Wnuck, Chapman i Jeglic, 2006) and the adapted form of Attribution od Blame
Scale (Bieneck i Krahé, 2011), and the following measures: victim credibility, attribution
of causes of the defendant’s behaviour and sanctioning of the defendant. Results of the
study indicated that the participants who were presented with a description of attempted
rape were significantly more prone to rehabilitation and shorter prison sentencing and
they considered mediation a more adequate form of sanction for the defendant, compared
to the participants who were presented with a description of rape. Participants holding
negative attitudes toward sexual offenders and their treatment attributed more guilt to the
defendant, were more prone to recommend a prison sentence for the defendant, the
proposed length of the prison sentence was longer, selected sanctions of control and
punishment of the defendant more often and assessed mediation as a less adequate
sanction. The sex of the participant retained a significant independent contribution and
the results indicated that women recommended shorter prison sentencing, selected
sanctions of rehabilitation more often, and sanctions of control and punishment of the
juvenile defendant for the sexual offence less often. |
