| Abstract | Među najteže posljedice zlouporabe droge za svako društvo, uz ekonomske štete,
svakako se ubrajaju i zdravstveni problemi te kriminalno ponašanje koje se vezuje uz
ilegalne droge (Sakoman, 2002). Stoga je opći cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati pojavu
zlouporabe droga, rizičnog ponašanja i nekih aspekata liječenja ovisnika o
psihoaktivnim tvarima. Uz to, specifični ciljevi i problemi istraživanja postavljeni su
prema kategorijama zlouporabe droga, kriminalnih i zdravstvenih rizičnih ponašanja te
liječenja odnosno tretmana konzumenata. Istraživanje je provedeno na prikupljenim
podacima osoba liječenih zbog zlouporabe psihoaktivnih droga od strane HZJZ-a. Za
potrebe ovog istraživanja korišten je Upitnik s osnovnim podacima o ovisnicima u
programu liječenja, tzv. Pompidou upitnik (Council of Europe, 1999). Prikupljeni
rezultati su obuhvaćali podatke 6 858 ovisnika na području Republike Hrvatske u 2019.-
oj godini (82.7% muškarci). Rezultati su pokazali da je najčešći povod za
eksperimentiranja s drogama je bio utjecaj vršnjaka ili partnera (39,6%). Kod najvećeg
broja ovisnika prvo sredstvo ovisnosti su bili kanabinoidi (80,3%) dok je u najvećeg
postotku (70%) primarno sredstvo ovisnosti u trenutku zaprimanja podataka heroin. Kao
primarno sredstvo ovisnosti 22,2% koristi neopijate, dok 77,8% koristi opijate. U
najvećem broju slučajeva član obitelji je taj koji je prvi saznao i razotkrio problem sa
sredstvom ovisnosti (54,9%). Zatim, 34,6% ovisnika o psihoaktivnih sredstvima je prvi
put prekršilo zakon nakon što su počeli uzimati tzv. teža sredstva ovisnosti, dok ih je
26% počelo nakon što su već krenuli uzimati tzv. lakša sredstva ovisnosti. Nadalje,
63,9% ovisnika o psihoaktivnim sredstvima je u jednom trenutku drogu uzimalo
intravenozno, gdje je prosječna dob prvog intravenoznog uzimanja bila 21,15 godina, a
68,9% se nije nikada predoziralo, dok je 53,1% koristilo zajednički pribor. Više od
polovice ovisnika (55,5%) o psihoaktivnim tvarima se osobno prijavilo za neki od
tretmana liječenja ovisnosti te 64% ovisnika o psihoaktivnim sredstvima prima
farmakoterapiju za održavanje. Rezultati hi-hvadrat pokazuju da je kod ovisnosti o
opijatima ishod rezultata tretmana liječenja nešto povoljniji nego kod tretmana liječenja
ovisnosti o neopijatima. Rezultati Kruskal Wallis testa pokazuju da su ovisnici koji
apstiniraju značajno kasnije prvi put uzeli primarno sredstvo ovisnosti. |
| Abstract (english) | Among the most serious consequences of drug abuse for any society, in addition to
economic damage, are certainly health problems and criminal behavior related to illegal
drugs (Sakoman, 2002). Therefore, the general aim of the research was to examine the
occurrence of drug abuse, risky behavior and some aspects of treatment of psychoactive
substance addicts. In addition, specific objectives and research problems were set
according to the categories of drug abuse, criminal and health risk behaviors and
treatment of consumers. The research was conducted on the collected data of persons
treated for psychoactive drug abuse by the CIPH. For the purposes of this research, a
Questionnaire with basic data on addicts in the treatment program was used, the socalled Pompidou Questionnaire (Council of Europe, 1999). The collected results
included data from 6,858 addicts in the Republic of Croatia in 2019 (82.7% men). The
results showed that the most common reason for experimenting with drugs was the
influence of peers or partners (39.6%). In the largest number of addicts, the first
addiction was cannabinoids (80.3%), while in the largest percentage (70%) the primary
addiction at the time of receiving the data was heroin. 22.2% use opiates as their
primary addiction, while 77.8% use opiates. In most cases, the family member is the
first to find out and reveal the problem with the addiction (54.9%). Then, 34.6% of
psychoactive substance addicts first broke the law after starting to take more addictive
drugs, while 26% of them started after they had already started taking lighter drugs.
Furthermore, 63.9% of psychoactive substance addicts took the drug intravenously at
one point, where the average age of first intravenous use was 21.15 years, and 68.9%
never overdosed, while 53.1% used shared equipment. More than half of addicts
(55.5%) to psychoactive substances have personally applied for one of the addiction
treatment treatments, and 64% of addicts to psychoactive substances receive
maintenance pharmacotherapy. The chi-square results show that in opiate addiction the
outcome of treatment is somewhat more favorable than in opiate addiction treatment.
The results of the Kruskal Wallis test show that abstinent addicts took the primary
means of addiction significantly later for the first time. |
