Društveno-politička obilježja radništva na području Zagreba, Gorskog kotara i Hrvatskog primorja tijekom međuratnog razdoblja (1918. - 1940.)

master's thesis

• Title (english): Socio-political characteristics of workers in the area of Zagreb, Gorski kotar and the Croatian littoral during the interwar period (1918 - 1940)
• Author: Karla Franjković
• Mentor: Mijo Beljo (mentor)
• Mentor: Nikolina Šimetin Šegvić (sumentor)
• Committee member: Eva Katarina Glazer (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Danijel Jurković (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mijo Beljo (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Croatian Studies; (Department of History); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-12-17, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: HUMANISTIC SCIENCES; History

Abstract

Radništvo se kao društveni sloj na prostoru Hrvatske počinje oblikovati u drugoj polovici 19. stoljeća u sklopu tvornica koje su uvelike imale obilježja manufakturnih radnji te u obliku sezonskog radništva u drvnoj industriji. Tada nastaju i prva društva potpornog karaktera s ciljem poboljšanja ukupnog društvenog položaja ovog sloja u nastajanju, a u njima su vodeću ulogu imali obrtnici. Stvaranjem nove države nakon Prvog svjetskog rata, Kraljevstva SHS, poslijeratna obnova očitovala se u ubrzanoj industrijalizaciji potaknutoj određenim ekonomskim politikama poput one carinske te je stvoren privid ekonomskog blagostanja, prisutan do izbijanja velike gospodarske krize 1931., iako su mu u pozadini stajale nebrojene nepravilnosti („spekulacije") u kojima su sudjelovali i najviši državni dužnosnici. S obzirom na dva proučavana aspekta radništva vidljiva iz naslova, rad se može podijeliti na dva dijela premda to nije strogo naznačeno. Prvi se dio bavi razvojem industrije, posebno najrazvijenijih grana, na tematskim područjima kroz drugu polovicu 19. st. te u godinama nakon Velikog rata u sklopu novog tržišta ustrojenog prema načelima kapitalizma. Nakon toga slijedi prikaz društvenih obilježja radništva (stambenih, radnih, prehrambenih, obrazovnih i dr.) sa njihovim specifičnostima uvjetovanima područjem, naročito u Gorskom kotaru i Hrvatskom primorju. Drugi dio, točnije četvrto i peto poglavlje, obuhvaća političku dimenziju izraženu kroz borbu nekoliko najvećih međuratnih političkih stranaka za naklonost radništva kao novog društveno-političkog čimbenika uzimajući u obzir da je 1920. uvedeno opće pravo glasa za sve muškarce starije od 21 godinu, stoga se ova borba odvijala na dvama poljima; sindikalnom i čistom političkom (izbornom, do proglašenja diktature 1929.) što je detaljno prikazano kroz literaturu potkrijepljenu arhivskim izvorima. Tako je određeni prostor posvećen nastanku i razvoju reformističke, „građanske" struje (HSS, SPJ) te samostalnom akteru unutar revolucionarne struje radničkog pokreta, Komunističkoj partiji Jugoslavije kao i osnutku Komunističke partije Hrvatske 1937. godine.

Abstract (english)

Working class as a social stratum in Croatia began to take shape in the second half of the 19th century in factories that mostly had the characteristics of manufacturing shop and in the form of seasonal labor in the wood industry. It was then that the first societies of a supporting nature were created with the aim of improving the overall social position of this nascent layer, and craftsmen played a leading role in them. With the creation of a new state after the First World War, the Kingdom of SHS, the post-war reconstruction manifested itself in accelerated industrialization stimulated by certain economic policies such as customs, and a semblance of economic well-being was created, present until the outbreak of the great economic crisis in 1931, although in the background there were countless irregularities ("speculations") in which the highest state officials also participated. With regard to the two studied aspects of visible from the title, this paper can be divided into two parts, although it is not strictly indicated. The first part deals with the development of industry, especially the most developed branches, in thematic areas through the second half of the 19th century and in the years after the Great War as part of the new market organized according to the principles of capitalism. This is followed by a presentation of the social characteristics of working class (housing, work, food, education, etc.) with their specificities determined by the area, especially in Gorski kotar and Hrvatsko primorje. The second part, more precisely the fourth and fifth chapter, covers the political dimension expressed through the struggle of several of the largest interwar political parties for the favor of workers as a new socio-political factor, taking into account that in 1920 universal suffrage was introduced for all men over the age of 21, therefore this fight took place on two fields; trade union and purely political (electoral, until the proclamation of the dictatorship in 1929), which is presented in detail through literature supported by archival sources. Thus, a certain space is dedicated to the emergence and development of the reformist, "civic" current (HSS, SPJ) and an independent within the revolutionary current of the worker's movement, the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, as well as the founding of Communist Party of Croatia in 1937.

• Keywords: radništvo; Zagreb; Gorski kotar; Hrvatsko primorje; Kraljevina Jugoslavija; industrija; seljaštvo; socijaldemokracija; komunizam; sindikati; kapitalizam; Hrvatska seljačka stranka; Komunistička partija Hrvatske
• Keywords (english): working class; Zagreb; Gorski kotar; Hrvatsko primorje; Kingdom of Yugoslavia; industry; peasantry; socialdemocracy; communism; trade unions; capitalism; Croatian Peasant Party; Communist Party of Croatia
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:111:199521
• Study programme: Title: History (Single Major, Science Stream); specializations in: History (Single Major, Science Stream); Course: History (Single Major, Science Stream); Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a magistar/magistra edukacije povijesti (sveučilišni/a magistar/magistra edukacije povijesti)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2025-01-15 08:31:51