| Abstract | Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati obilježja povezanosti privrženosti prema kućnim ljubimcima sa simptomima stresa, depresije i anksioznosti te sa subjektivnom dobrobiti vlasnika pasa. Uzorak istraživanja obuhvatio je 218 vlasnika pasa iz Hrvatske, prosječne dobi 30,38 godina (SD=12,95). Istraživanje je provedeno online putem, a korišteni su instrumenti Adaptirana Lexington skala privrženosti kućnim ljubimcima (Penezić i Levačić, 2010), Upitnik privrženosti prema kućnim ljubimcima (Ombla, 2014), Skala depresivnosti, anksioznosti i stresa DASS-21 (Lovibond i Lovibond, 1995) te Dienerove skale subjektivne dobrobiti: Skala zadovoljstva životom (Diener i sur., 1985), Skala prosperiteta (Oishi i sur., 2009) i Skala pozitivnih i negativnih iskustava (Oishi i sur., 2009). Od demografskih karakteristika, dob je značajno pozitivno povezana s privrženosti psima. Nadalje, utvrđeno je kako su žene snažnije privržene psima u odnosu na muškarce, dok značajna razlika u privrženosti psima nije utvrđena između osoba koje imaju i onih koji nemaju djecu. Regresijskim je modelom objašnjeno 16% varijance privrženosti psima, a značajnim prediktorima privrženosti psu pokazali su se spol, dob, razina obrazovanja i (ne)roditeljstvo. Što se tiče privrženosti psu i psihičkog zdravlja, privrženost psu značajno je pozitivno povezana sa simptomima anksioznosti. Sigurno utočište kao obilježje privrženosti značajno je pozitivno povezano sa simptomima depresije, anksioznosti i stresa, dok je značajno negativno povezano sa zadovoljstvom životom. Separacijska anksioznost kao obilježje privrženosti značajno je pozitivno povezana sa simptomima anksioznosti. Na uzorku sudionika bez djece, privrženost psu značajno je pozitivno povezana sa simptomima anksioznosti, dok je sigurno utočište kao obilježje privrženosti značajno pozitivno povezano sa simptomima depresije, anksioznosti i stresa. Varijable privrženosti psu i varijable psihičkog zdravlja na uzorku osoba koje imaju djecu nisu značajno povezane. Testiranjem razlika utvrđeno je kako osobe sa simptomima depresije, anksioznosti i stresa svoje pse u većoj mjeri doživljavaju sigurnim utočištem. Također, osobe sa simptomima anksioznosti doživljavaju više separacijske anksioznosti prilikom odvajanja od svog psa. Analizom odgovora na pitanje otvorenog tipa, utvrđeno je postojanje pet glavnih dobrobiti posjedovanja psa: doživljavanje ugodnih emocija, zdravlje, socijalne vrijednosti, osobni rast te podrška u dobru i zlu. Rezultati ovog istraživanja doprinose boljem razumijevanju odnosa između ljudi i pasa, a ukazuju na činjenicu da je taj odnos složen, a ovisi i o brojnim drugim aspektima života. |
| Abstract (english) | The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of the relationship between attachment to pets and symptoms of stress, depression, and anxiety, as well as the subjective well-being of dog owners. The sample included 218 dog owners from Croatia, with an average age of 30,38 years (SD = 12,95). The research was conducted online, and the instruments used were Adapted Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale (Penezić & Levačić, 2010), Pet Attachment Questionnaire (Ombla, 2014), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale DASS-21 (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995), and Diener's subjective well-being scales: Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener et al., 1985), Flourishing Scale (Oishi et al., 2009), and Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (Oishi et al., 2009). Of the demographic characteristics, age is significantly positively associated with attachment to dogs. Furthermore, the results showed that in comparison to men, women show higher levels of attachment to dogs. No significant difference in attachment to dogs was found between people who have and those who do not have children. The regression model explained 16% of the variance in attachment to dogs, with gender, age, education level, and (non)parenthood identified as significant predictors of attachment to dogs. In terms of dog attachment and mental health, attachment to dogs had a significantly positive association with anxiety symptoms. A secure base, as a feature of attachment, had a significantly positive association with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, while also having a significantly negative association with life satisfaction. Separation anxiety, as a feature of attachment, had a significantly positive association with anxiety symptoms. Among participants without children, attachment to dogs had a significantly positive association with anxiety symptoms, while a secure base, as a feature of attachment, had a significantly positive association with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Among participants with children, the variables of attachment to dogs and mental health variables were not significantly related. Analysing the differences, it was revealed that individuals with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress are more likely to perceive their dogs as a secure base. Additionally, individuals with anxiety symptoms experience more separation anxiety when away from their dog. With an analysis of responses on open-ended question, five main benefits of owning a dog were identified: experiencing pleasant emotions, health, social values, personal growth, and support through good and bad moments. The results of this research contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between humans and dogs, and point to the fact that this relationship is complex and depends on many other aspects of life. |
