Odnos temperamenta, izloženosti ekranima i psihološke prilagodbe kod predškolske djece

master's thesis

• Title (english): The Relationship between Temperament, Screen Time and Psychological Adjusment i in Preschoolers
• Author: Barbara Jelić
• Mentor: Dario Vučenović (mentor)
• Mentor: Jelena Flego (sumentor)
• Committee member: Jelena Maričić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Katarina Jelić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Dario Vučenović (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Croatian Studies; (Department of Psychology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-12-19, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Psychology

Abstract

Ovo se istraživanje bavi analiziranjem trenutnih trendova izloženosti ekranima te razumijevanjem odnosa između temperamenta, izloženosti ekranima te psihološke prilagodbe kod predškolaca. Uzorak je prigodan te uključuje procjene 115 majki predškolske djece na području grada Zagreba. Analiza deskriptivnih podataka ukazuje kako dječja izloženost ekranima generalno ne prelazi preporučene smjernice Američke akademije za dječju i adolescentsku psihijatriju. Nadalje, utvrđeno je kako su djeca najviše izložena mobitelima i televiziji pa tri do četiri puta tjedno gledaju dječje crtane serije, dok jednom do dva puta tjedno gledaju dječje edukativne i glazbene emisije, animirane filmove za djecu te videozapise na YouTube-u i YouTube kids-u. Navedeno je u skladu s nalazima da su djeca ponekad do često izložena prosocijalnim sadržajima u medijima, dok rijetko ili nikad ne gledaju nasilne sadržaje. Analiza korelacija otkriva kako dimenzija Impulzivnosti značajno pozitivno i visoko korelira s eksternaliziranim problemima, dok negativno slabo i značajno korelira s prosocijalnim ponašanjem. Eksternalizirani problemi u ponašanju značajno umjereno i pozitivno koreliraju i s dimenzijom Aktivnosti, dok su značajno slabo i pozitivno povezani s dimenzijom Emocionalnosti te vremenskom izloženosti tijekom vikenda. S druge strane, prosocijalno je ponašanje značajno slabo i negativno povezano s vremenskom izloženosti tijekom vikenda. Moderatorskom analizom utvrđeno je kako izloženost ekranima preko vikenda značajno mijenja odnos Impulzivnosti i eksternaliziranih problema u ponašanju tako da duljom izloženosti, slabi povezanost Impulzivnosti i eksternaliziranih problema u ponašanju. Nadalje, utvrđeno je kako duljina izloženosti ekranima tijekom vikenda moderira odnos Aktivnosti i eksternaliziranih problema u ponašanju tako da duljom izloženosti pada povezanost Aktivnosti i eksternaliziranih problema u ponašanju predškolaca, dok ne moderira odnos Emocionalnosti i eksternaliziranih problema u ponašanju. Za kraj, utvrđeno je kako vremenska izloženost ekranima tijekom vikenda značajno moderira odnos Impulzivnosti i prosocijalnog ponašanja pa duljom izloženosti slabi povezanost Impulzivnosti i prosocijalnog ponašanja. Istraživanje produbljuje znanje o postojećim odnosima trajnih karakteristika (dimenzija temperamenta) te socijalnih utjecaja (izloženost ekranima) na eksternalizirane i internalizirane probleme u ponašanju te prosocijalno ponašanje kod predškolaca prema procjenama majki.

Abstract (english)

This study analyzes current trends in screen time and gives deeper understanding of the relationship between temperament, screen time, and psychological adjustment in preschoolers. The sample is convenient and includes assessments of 115 mothers of preschool children in Zagreb. Descriptive data analysis indicates that children's screen time generally does not exceed the recommended guidelines of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Furthermore, it was found that children mostly use mobile phones and TV to watch children's cartoons three to four times a week or children's educational and music shows, animated films for children, and videos on YouTube and YouTube Kids once or twice a week. Results are in line with the findings that children are sometimes to often exposed to prosocial content in the media, while they rarely or never watch violent content. Correlation analysis reveals that the Impulsivity is significantly positively and highly correlated with externalizing problems, while negatively and weakly correlated with prosocial behavior. Externalized behavior problems are significantly moderately and positively correlated with the Activity, while they are significantly weakly and positively correlated with the Emotionality and time exposure during the weekend. On the other hand, prosocial behavior is significantly weakly and negatively correlated with screen time during the weekend. Moderator analysis determined that screen time during the weekend significantly changes the relationship between Impulsivity and externalized behavior problems in such a way that longer exposure weakens correlation between Impulsivity and externalized behavior problems. Furthermore, it was determined that the screen time during the weekend moderates the relationship between Activity and externalized behavior problems in such a way that the longer exposure lowers the correlation between Activity and externalized behavior problems in preschoolers' behavior, while does not moderate relationship between Emotionality and externalized behavior problems. Finally, it was determined that screen time during the weekend significantly moderates the relationship between Impulsivity and prosocial behavior, so with longer exposure correlation between Impulsivity and prosocial behavior weakens. The research deepens the knowledge about existing relationships of permanent characteristics (temperament dimension) and social influences (exposure to screens) on externalized and internalized behavior problems and prosocial behavior in preschoolers according to mothers' assessments.

• Keywords: temperament; izloženost ekranima; psihološka prilagodba; predškolci
• Keywords (english): Temperament; Screen Time; Psychological Adjustment; Preschoolers
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:111:248244
• Study programme: Title: Psychology (Single Major, Science Stream); Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a magistar/magistra psihologije (sveučilišni/a magistar/magistra psihologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2025-01-15 09:03:48