Sovjetsko-afganistanski rat 1979.-1989.

master's thesis

• Title (english): Soviet-Afghan War 1979-1989
• Author: Ivo Špoljar
• Mentor: Stipica Grgić (mentor)
• Mentor: Vladimir Šumanović (mentor)
• Committee member: Krešimir Bušić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mijo Beljo (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Vladimir Šumanović (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Croatian Studies; (Department of History); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019-09-25, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: HUMANISTIC SCIENCES; History

Abstract

Sovjetsko-afganistanski rat vodio se od 1979. do 1989. godine na prostoru Središnje i Južne Azije, u državi Afganistan. Započeo je intervencijom sovjetske vojske u Afganistanu ubrzo nakon što je Narodna demokratska partija Afganistana preuzela vlast u zemlji. Prvotni sovjetski cilj bio je stabilizirati političku situaciju u zemlji i omogućiti vladajućoj komunističkoj stranci neometano obnašanje vlasti. Tradicionalno afganistansko društvo pobunilo se prvo protiv vlade u Kabulu, a zatim se oružano suprotstavilo i sovjetskoj vojsci čime je započeo desetogodišnji krvavi rat u Afganistanu. Afganistanski pokret otpora sačinjavale su brojne mudžahedinske frakcije koje su osim protiv vlade u Kabulu i Sovjeta, ratovale i međusobno u borbi za poslijeratnu vlast u zemlji. Budući da se rat odvijao u vremenu Hladnog rata, on je poprimio šire geopolitičko značenje i u njega su se involvirale sve tadašnje svjetske i regionalne sile, uključujući i najvećeg hladnoratovskog neprijatelja SSSR-a, Sjedinjene Američke Države. Pomoć je mudžahedinima upućivana prvenstveno iz susjednog Pakistana, koji je i sam imao regionalni interes postaviti na vlast u Kabulu sebi prihvatljivu vladu. U nešto manjoj mjeri pokretu otpora pomoć je pristizala iz Narodne Republike Kine i Islamske Republike Irana, tako da se može reći kako su sve susjedne države Afganistana bile uključene u ratna zbivanja. Socijalistička Federativna Republika Jugoslavija na diplomatskom se polju uključila u traženje mirnog rješenja za završetak sukoba, a svoju je geopolitičku važnost crpila kao jedna od predvodnica Pokreta nesvrstanih zemalja. Sovjetska vojska bila je sasvim nepripremljena za gerilski tip rata kakav su mudžahedini vodili i uskoro se našla u pat poziciji¸ gdje se konačna pobjeda činila sve manje vjerojatnom. Dolaskom Mihaila Gorbačova na vlast u SSSR-u mijenja se vanjskopolitički kurs Moskve, pa su se sukladno tomu počela tražiti rješenja za napuštanje Afganistana i okončanje rata. Sovjetska vojska iz Afganistana se povukla početkom 1989. godine, no rat se u toj zemlji nastavio sve do današnjih dana.

Abstract (english)

The Soviet-Afghan War lasted from 1979. to 1989. and was fought in Central and Southern Asia in the state of Afghanistan. It began with an intervention of the Soviet military shortly after the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan seized power in the country. A primary goal of the Soviet armed formations was to stabilize the political situation in the country and to enable the ruling Afghan communist party unhampered governance. Traditional Afghan society rebelled at first against the government in Kabul and then they started an insurgency against the Soviet military. It was the beginning of the ten-year-long bloody war in Afghanistan. The Afghan resistance movement was composed of many mujaheddin factions that fought against the government in Kabul and the Soviet military, but also against each other in a struggle for power after the war. As the war was fought in the period of the Cold War it assumed much broader geopolitical importance. Consequently, it involved all world and regional powers, including the arch-enemy of the USSR, The United States of America. Assistance for the mujaheddin was provided mostly through Pakistan, which had a regional interest in appointing a government in Kabul which would be acceptable to them. In a somewhat lesser degree, the assistance was also provided via the People's Republic of China and the Islamic Republic of Iran, so it can be said that all neighbouring countries were involved in the war. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was involved in resolving the crisis by diplomatic means and its geopolitical importance was a result of its leading role in The Non-aligned Movement. The Soviet military was completely underprepared for long guerilla warfare and it found itself in a stalemate position with little chance of winning the war. Upon the arrival of Mikhail Gorbachev as the new general secretary of the CPSU, the foreign policy of Moscow started to change and the Soviet leadership focused on exiting Afghanistan. The Soviet military finally withdrew from Afganistan at the beginning of 1989, but the war in the country continued to this day.

• Keywords: Sovjetsko-afganistanski rat; Afganistan; SSSR; NDPA; mudžahedini; Pakistan; SAD; Hladni rat; islamski fundamentalizam
• Keywords (english): Soviet-afghan war; Afghanistan; USSR; PDPA; mujaheddin; Pakistan; USA; Cold war; Islamic fundamentalism
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:111:248904
• Study programme: Title: Department of History; specializations in: scientific, teaching; Course: scientific; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra povijesti (magistar/magistra povijesti)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2020-01-14 12:15:25