Točnost prepoznavanja počiniteljica kaznenih djela s obzirom na fizička obilježja lica

master's thesis

• Title (english): Accuracy of perpetrator's recognition based on facial physical characteristics
• Author: Vanja Oparnica
• Mentor: Ines Sučić (mentor)
• Committee member: Renata Franc (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jelena Maričić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ines Sučić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Croatian Studies; (Department of Psychology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019-02-25, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Psychology

Abstract

Procjene i predviđanja osobina ličnosti, dispozicija i budućeg ponašanja na temelju fizičkog izgleda ima dugu povijest u filozofskim, antropološkim i psihološkim razmatranjima. Proteklih godina, s obzirom na prijetnje terorističkih napada, ponovno se aktualizirala tema mogućnosti zaključivanja o kriminalitetu osoba na temelju njihovog fizičkog izgleda. Stoga su ciljevi istraživanja bili ispitati: 1. točnost procjena o počinjenju kaznenog djela (krivnji), odnosno nevinosti osobe na temelju izgleda njenog lica; 2. stupanj povezanosti samo-procijenjene točnosti donošenja sudova o osobama na temelju izgleda i stvarne točnosti procjena krivnje/nevinosti; 3. točnost procjena vrste počinjenog kaznenog djela kod počiniteljica. Istraživanje je provedeno on-line, na prigodnom uzroku od 832 punoljetnih osoba, prosječne dobi 24 godine, većinom žena (80.7%) sa završenom srednjom školom (53.9%). U istraživanju je korišteno 20 fotografija žena koje su sudionicima bile prikazane sukcesivno u trajanju od po tri sekunde. Fotografije nevinih osoba prikupljene su od poznanica, dok su fotografije počiniteljica prikupljene iz javno dostupne baze Interpol-ovih međunarodnih tjeralica. Kroz pilot-istraživanja su odabrane fotografije zadovoljavajućih tehničkih karakteristika (npr. svjetlina, rezolucija), te karakteristika osoba koje ne pridonose pristranosti procjena (npr. neutralni izraz lica, bez istaknutih obilježja). Prosječna točnost procjena nevinosti/krivnje je bila 57%. Točnost procijenjene nevinosti osoba je bila značajno viša (66.8%) od procijenjene krivnje (44.7%) (t(832)=24.062; p<.01). Nije utvrđena povezanost samo-procijenjene točnosti donošenja sudova o osobama na temelju izgleda i stvarne točnosti procjena o krivnji/nevinosti (r(832)=-.014; p>.05). Međutim, sudionici koji su procijenili kako su njihovi sudovi o osobama na temelju izgleda točniji su bili statistički značajno točniji u procjenama počiniteljica (r(832)=.088; p<.05; t(478)=2.1; p<.05) i statistički značajno manje točni u procjenama nevinih osoba (r(832)=-.114; p.<01; t(478)=2.6; p.<.01). Sudionici koji su točno procijenili tko su počiniteljice su vrlo loše mogli definirati koje su kazneno djelo počinile, čak ispod razine slučajnog pogađanja.

Abstract (english)

Estimates and inferences about personality traits, disposition and future behaviour based on physical appearance have a long history in philosophical, anthropological and psychological research. Over the past years, due to increased threat of terrorist attacks, the topic of criminality inferences based on physical appearance became again actual. Therefore, the objectives of the research were to examine: 1. the accuracy of the criminality inferences based on facial characteristics; 2. correlation between self-estimated accuracy of inferences and actual accuracy of guilt / innocence inferences; 3. the accuracy of the inferences about the type of offense committed by the perpetrator. The survey was conducted on-line, on a convenience sample of 832 adult persons, majority of whom were young (M=24 years) women (80.7%) holding secondary school degree (53.9%). In the study, 20 photographs of women were used, which were successively presented to the participants for three seconds. Photos of innocent persons were collected from acquaintances, while photographs of perpetrators were collected from publicly available databases of Interpol's international arrest warrants. Photographs of satisfactory technical characteristics (e.g., brightness, resolution) and personal and facial characteristics (e.g., neutral expression, without prominent features) were selected through pilot study. The average accuracy of inferences about innocence / guilt was 57%. The accuracy of inferences about innocence of the person was significantly higher (66,8%) than the inferences about guilt (44.7%) (t (832) = 24.062; p <.01). There was no correlation between the self-estimated accuracy of inferences about persons criminality based on the appearance and actual accuracy of the inferences (r (832) = -. 014; p> .05). However, participants who estimated that their inferences more accurate were statistically significantly more accurate in their inferences about criminals (r (832) = 088; p <.05; t (478) = 2.1; p <.05) and statistically significantly less accurate in estimates of innocent. (r (832) = - 114; p. <01; t (478) = 2.6; p. <.01). Participants who accurately estimated who perpetrators were, had problems in identifying specific crime that person has committed. Their estimations were bellow guessing level.

• Keywords: lica; počiniteljice kaznenih djela; točnost; stereotipi
• Keywords (english): faces; female perpetrators; accuracy; stereotypes
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:111:557827
• Study programme: Title: Department of Psychology; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra psihologije (magistar/magistra psihologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2020-01-29 11:39:51