| Sažetak | S obzirom na široku rasprostranjenost ovisnosti o vježbanju i potrebu za boljim razumijevanjem
faktora rizika, osmišljeno je istraživanje čiji je cilj bio utvrditi na koji su način samopoštovanje,
perfekcionizam i percepcija roditeljskog ponašanja povezani s ovisnošću o vježbanju na uzorku
redovitih vježbača i korisnika fitness centara. Istraživanje je provedeno online, putem Google
Forms upitnika. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 379 sudionika, od čega 275 žena i 104
muškarca, prosječne dobi od 28 godina. Ovisnost o vježbanju ispitana je Skalom ovisnosti o
vježbanju (Hausenblas i Symons Downs, 2002a), samopoštovanje Rosenbergovom skalom
samopoštovanja (Rosenberg, 1965), perfekcionizam Višedimenzionalnim inventarom
perfekcionizma u sportu (Stöber i sur., 2007), a roditeljsko ponašanje Upitnikom roditeljskog
ponašanja (Keresteš i sur., 2012).
Prema rezultatima na Upitniku ovisnosti o vježbanju 3,85% muškaraca (n=4) svrstano je u
kategoriju ovisnih o vježbanju, 87,45% muškaraca (n=91) pokazuje neke simptome te je rizično za
razvoj ovisnosti o vježbanju, dok je 8,7% muškaraca (n=9) bez simptoma ovisnosti. Rezultati
također pokazuju da je 6,18% žena (n=17) ovisno o vježbanju, 74,55% (n=205) sudionica je
svrstano u kategoriju rizičnih za razvoj ovisnosti o vježbanju, dok je njih 19,27% (n=53) bez
simptoma ovisnosti o vježbanju. Rezultati t-testa pokazali su da se muškarci i žene ne razlikuju
prema stupnju izraženosti simptoma ovisnosti o vježbanju. Značajne pozitivne korelacije dobivene
su između ovisnosti o vježbanju i težnje za savršenstvom, negativne reakcije na nesavršenstvo i
restriktivne kontrole oca te je dodatno utvrđena i značajna negativna korelacija ovisnosti o
vježbanju i samopoštovanja kod oba spola. Regresijskom analizom utvrđeno je da varijable težnja
za savršenstvom i negativna reakcija na nesavršenstvo statistički značajno doprinose objašnjenju
varijance ovisnosti o vježbanju i kod muškaraca i kod žena. Prediktorske varijable težnja za
savršenstvom, negativna reakcija na nesavršenstvo, samopoštovanje, restriktivna kontrola majke i
oca, roditeljska podrška te popustljivost majke i oca na uzorku muškaraca objasnile su 31,3%
varijance ovisnosti o vježbanju, dok su kod žena objasnile 29% varijance ovisnosti o vježbanju.
Rezultati t-testa pokazuju da ovisni i rizični za razvoj ovisnosti postižu značajno više rezultate na
ljestvicama težnje za savršenstvom i negativne reakcije na nesavršenstvo te imaju niže
samopoštovanje od sudionika bez simptoma ovisnosti o vježbanju. Dodatno je utvrđeno da
sudionici ovisni/rizični za razvoj ovisnosti procjenjuju autonomiju majke i oca te induktivno
rezoniranje oca višim u odnosu na procjene sudionika bez simptoma ovisnosti. Dobiveni rezultati
ukazuju na važnost razmatranja čimbenika poput samopoštovanja, perfekcionizma i roditeljskog
ponašanja prilikom objašnjenja ovisnosti o vježbanju. Također, rezultati istraživanja upućuju na
zaključak da adaptivni perfekcionizam, jednako kao neadaptivni, može biti važan prethodnik
razvitka ovisnosti o vježbanju. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | Given the widespread prevalence of exercise addiction and the need for a better understanding of
risk factors, a study was designed to determine how self-esteem, perfectionism and perception of
parental behavior are related to exercise addiction in a sample of regular exercisers and gym
members. The research was conducted online, through a Google Forms questionnaire. A total of
379 participants took part in the research, of which 275 were women and 104 were men, with an
average age of 28. Exercise addiction was assessed with the Exercise Dependence Scale
(Hausenblas and Symons Downs, 2002a), self-esteem was assessed with the Rosenberg SelfEsteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965), perfectionism was assessed with the Multidimensional Inventory
of Perfectionism in Sport (Stöber et al., 2007) and parental behavior with the Parental Behavior
Questionnaire (Keresteš et al., 2012).
According to the results on the Exercise Dependence Scale, 3,85% of men (n=4) were classified as
exercise addicts, 87,45% of men (n=91) showed some symptoms and were at risk of developing
exercise addiction, while 8,7% of men (n=9) showed no symptoms of this type of addiction. The
results also show that 6,18% of women (n=17) are addicted to exercise, 74,55% (n=205) of women
belong to risk group, while 19,27% (n=53) showed no symptoms of exercise addiction. The results
of the t-test showed that men and women do not differ in the manifestation of symptoms of exercise
addiction. Significant positive correlations were found between exercise addiction and striving for
perfection, negative reaction to imperfection and restrictive control of the father. Significant
negative association between addiction to exercise and self-esteem was found in both sexes.
Through regression analysis, it was determined that the variables striving for perfection and
negative reaction to imperfection contribute statistically significantly to the explanation of exercise
addiction variance in both men and women. The predictor variables striving for perfection, negative
reaction to imperfection, self-esteem, restrictive control of the mother and father, parental support
and permissiveness of the mother and father explained 31,3% of the exercise addiction variance in
the sample of men, while they explained 29% of the exercise addiction variance in women. The
results of the t-test show that exercise addicts and those at risk for developing addiction score
significantly higher on the striving for perfection scale and negative reactions to imperfection scale.
They also have lower self-esteem than participants without symptoms of exercise addiction.
Additionally, it was found that addicted/at-risk participants estimate the autonomy of the mother
and father and the inductive reasoning of the father significantly higher compared to the
assessments of participants without symptoms of addiction. The obtained results indicate the
importance of considering factors such as self-esteem, perfectionism and parental behavior when
explaining exercise addiction. Also, the research results point to the conclusion that adaptive
perfectionism, just like non-adaptive, can be an important precursor to the development of exercise
addiction. |
