Sukonstrukcija interkulturalnog kurikuluma. komparacija određenih obilježja hrvatske kulture kod srednjoškolaca i njihovih nastavnika (Hofstedeov model)

Scientific paper - Original scientific paper

• Title (english): Substructure of an intercultural curriculum. comparison of selected features of the Croatian culture among high school students and their teachers according to the Hofstede model
• Author: Renata Burai
• Author's institution: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Croatian Studies
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Pedagogy

Abstract (croatian)

Podaci koji se koriste u ovom radu dobiveni su uz znanstveno istraživački projekt „Interkulturalni kurikulum i obrazovanje na manjinskim jezicima“, voditelj projekta: prof. dr. sc. Neven Hrvatić, u periodu 2007. do 2012. godine. U radu se elaboriraju osnovni elementi koji predstavljaju polazište za izradu hrvatskoga nacionalnog kurikuluma kao i za interkulturalne dimenzije kurikuluma. Potom se obrazlaže jedan od mogućih pristupa istraživanja kulturnih razlika -
prema Hofstedeovom modelu, temeljem kojeg je i nastao ovaj rad. Cilj ovog rada bio je definirati neke od bitnih odrednica sukonstrukcije interkulturalnog kurikuluma određivanjem obilježja nacionalne kulture mladih. U projektu je korišten upitnik, modificirani Hofstedeov model, koji se sastoji od 109 čestica. Njegov se sadržaj odnosi na četiri dimenzije: hijerarhijsku distancu, muževnost/ženstvenost, individualizam/kolektivizam i kontrolu neizvjesnosti (anksioznosti). Na osnovi istraživanja navedenih dimenzija nacionalne kulture dolazi se do spoznaje o osnovnim obilježjima nacionalne kulture i vrijednostima koje se cijene u određenome društvu. U ispitivanju određenih obilježja hrvatske kulture upitnik je valjano ispunilo 1978 učenika i 272 nastavnika iz 27 srednjih škola u Republici Hrvatskoj. Istraživanjem su ispitani stavovi i vrijednosti srednjoškolaca i njihovih nastavnika o životu, radu i društvu; kakve su razlike u stavovima između učenika i nastavnika te postoje li razlike u stavovima između učenika s obzirom na spol, dob i regionalnu pripadnost. Analizom određenih obilježja mladih u Republici Hrvatskoj prema Hofstedeovim dimenzijama, dobili smo uvid u „prosječne tendencije“ njihovih stavova i vrijednosti. Prvi problem istraživanja ukazuje da kod mladih prevladavaju egalitarna uvjerenja (izražen srednji stupanj hijerarhijske distance), da su na granici između individualizma i kolektivizma, podjednako orijentirani prema vrijednostima definiranim u dimenziji muževnost/ženstvenost, te su na ljestvici srednjeg stupnja anksioznosti. Analizirajući drugi problem istraživanja, utvrdili smo da rezultati istraživanja nacionalne kulture ukazuju na bliske stavove učenika i nastavnika koji ih, kao pokazatelji određenih obilježja hrvatske nacionalne kulture, smještaju u srednje do nisku hijerarhijsku distancu. To podrazumijeva netoleriranje nejednakosti u društvu, podjednaku sklonost individualizmu i kolektivizmu, zatim srednjoškolce i njihove nastavnike s izraženim ženstvenim i podjednako muževno ženstvenim osobinama te s izraženom srednjom kontrolom neizvjesnosti. Trećim problemom istraživanja koji se odnosio na utvrđivanje razlika s obzirom na spol učenika, najveća razlika iskazana je u dimenziji muževnost/ženstvenost, zatim u kontroli neizvjesnosti, hijerarhijskoj distanci i individualizmu. S obzirom na dob učenika nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika. S obzirom na regiju iz koje učenici dolaze utvrđene su razlike u sve četiri dimenzije.

Abstract (english)

The data used in this paper were obtained in the course of a scientific-research project “Intercultural curriculum and education in the languages of minorities”, lead by prof. Neven Horvatić, PhD, in the 2007–2012 period. The basic elements that constitute the basic starting elements for the drafting of the Croatian national curriculum and its intercultural dimensions are elaborated in the paper. The paper then explains one of the possible approaches to the research of cultural differences – according to the Hofstede model, which was the basis for this paper. The aim of the paper was to define some of the essential features of substructure of intercultural curriculum by identification of the features of the national culture of the young. A 109-items modified Hofstede model questionnaire was used in the project. Its content refers to four dimensions: power distance, masculinity/femininity, individualism/collectivism and uncertainty avoidance (anxiety). Using the research into the dimensions of national culture, understanding of the basic characteristics and values that are esteemed in a given society is reached. In the course of the research of the selected features of the Croatian culture, a valid completed questionnaires from 1,978 students and 272 teachers from 27 secondary schools in the Republic of Croatia were obtained. The research surveyed the attitudes and values of high school students and their teachers on the life, work and society; the quality of differences in the attitudes between students and teachers and if there are differences in attitudes between the students regarding gender, age and regional background. The analysis of selected features of the young in the Republic of Croatia according to Hofstede’s dimensions produced a an insight into the “average tendencies” of their attitudes and values. The first topic of the research indicates that egalitarian beliefs are prevailing among the young (noticeable intermediate level of the power distance), that they are placed on the border between individualism and collectivism, their orientation in terms of masculinity/femininity dimension is balanced, and they scored a medium level of anxiety. By analysing the second topic of the research, we found that the research results of national culture indicate similarity between the attitudes of the students and the teachers. When interpreted as indicators of certain features of Croatian national culture, such attitudes indicate that their score in terms of power distance is low to medium. This implies attitude of intolerance towards inequality in society, similar degree of affinity for both the individualism and the collectivism, high school students and their teachers with a strong feminine and equally masculine/feminine features, and with a strong average value of uncertainty avoidance. The third topic of the research, which dealt with the identification of differences with regard to the gender of the students, the biggest difference was expressed in the dimension of masculinity/femininity, followed by the uncertainty avoidance, power distance and individualism. No statistically significant differences were found in regard to the age of the students. With regard to their original region, differences in all four dimensions have been found.

• Keywords (croatian): društvene vrijednosti; dimenzije kulture Geerta Hofstedea; identitet; interkulturalizam; interkulturalni identitet; interkulturalni kurikulum; kurikulum; kultura; kulturni pluralizam; kulturni relativizam
• Keywords (english): social values; Geert Hofstede culture dimensions; identity; interculturalism; intercultural identity; intercultural curriculum; curriculum; culture; cultural pluralism; cultural relativism
• Language: english
• Language: croatian
• Publication type: Scientific paper - Original scientific paper
• Publication status: Published
• Peer review: Peer review
• Publication version: Published version
• Journal title: Školski vjesnik : časopis za pedagogijsku teoriju i praksu
• Numbering: vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 181-208
• p-ISSN: 0037-654X
• e-ISSN: 1848-0756
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:111:465511
• Publication: 2016-06-16
• Document URL: https://hrcak.srce.hr/177387
• Type of resource: Text
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-03-08 11:27:10