| Abstract | Funkcija hrvatskog bana je kroz povijest doživljavala razne preobrazbe koje su ovisile o onodobnim okolnostima u kojima su se nalazile hrvatske zemlje. Bana je imenovao kralj a za imenovanje bila su potreba tri uvjeta – rimokatolička vjera, prebivalište i posjedovanje nekretnina u Hrvatsko i Slavoniji te državljanstvo u Ugarsko-hrvatskom Kraljevstvu. Zakonom je bila uređena i svečana ceremonija imenovanja bana prilikom koje je ban nosio zastavu kao simbol vojne te žezlo kao simbol sudske i upravne vlasti. Dva dokumenta koja su uvelike utjecali na položaj bana su Zahtijevanje naroda donesena 1848. godine i Hrvatsko-ugarska nagodba donesena 1868. godine. Kada je u ožujku 1848. Josip Jelačić donio je odluke pomoću kojih je nakratko uveo mir u zemlji. Najvažnija među njima je ona o prekidanju svake veze sa ugarskom vladom oko koje će se ugarski i hrvatski političari sporiti i u kasnijim razdobljima. Jedna od većih prekretnica u hrvatskoj povijesti bilo je održavanje Hrvatskog sabora iste godine čime je prekinuta praksa okupljanja staleškog Sabora i na kojem je donesen zaključak o osnivanju privremene vlade. Za vrijeme svojega banovanja Jelačić je vodio težak rat sa vladom u Ugarskoj nakon kojeg je započelo neoapsolutističko razdoblje u kojem su mu oduzete nekadašnje ovlasti hrvatskog bana te tijekom kojeg je postao izvršitelj naloga bečkog vrha. Nakon kratkog banovanja njegovog nasljednika Ivana Coroninia-Cromberga na bansku je stolicu zasjeo Josip Šokčević. Na Hrvatskom saboru koji je održan 1861. godine iznijeti su zahtjevi za povratkom teritorija koji su Trojednoj Kraljevini oduzeti tokom prethodnih godina prilikom čega je donesen članak 42 kojeg je bio autor Ivan Mažuranić. Obzirom da su se pojavile političke ideje o obnovi veza sa Ugarskom u članku je iznesena volja da se stupi u vezu sa njom ukoliko Ugarska prizna hrvatsku autonomiju i teritorijalnu cjelovitost. U trenutku kada su trajali pregovori oko sklapanja Austro-ugarske nagodbe Šokčević je odstupio sa položaja bana a njegov nasljednik Levin Rauch je, uz pomoć većinske Unionističke stranke, uspio sklopiti sa ugarskom stranom Hrvatsko-ugarsku nagodbu. Uz pomoć svojeg načina upravljanja i donošenjem zakona koji je zaštitio Nagodbu, uspio ju je i provesti. Nakon Antuna Vakanovića i Kolomana Bedekovića, banova koji su uslijedili, mjesto bana pripalo je Ivanu Mažuraniću koji je predstavljao važnu ličnost u hrvatskoj povijesti jer je donio niz reformi koji su uvelike modernizirale hrvatske zemlje. Naslijedio ga je Ladislav Pejačević za kojeg je bitno istaknuti da je, shodno kraljevoj odluci, proveo ujedinjenje Vojne krajine sa civilnom Hrvatskom i Slavonijom. Kada je dao ostavku na dužnosti bana naslijedio ga je Károly Khuen-Héderváry koji je nizom represivnih mjera uspio slomit otpor nad protuhrvatskom politikom ali na samo do zadnje godine njegova banovanja – Narodnog pokreta 1903. godine. |
| Abstract (english) | Throughout history, the function of the Croatian ban has experienced various transformations that depended on the circumstances of the time in which the Croatian lands were located. Ban was appointed by the king, and three conditions were required for the appointment - Roman Catholicism, residence and ownership of real estate in Croatia and Slavonia, and citizenship in the Hungarian-Croatian Kingdom. The law also regulated the solemn ceremony of naming the ban, during that occasion the ban carried a flag as a symbol of the military and a scepter as a symbol of judicial and administrative authority. Two documents that greatly influenced the position of the ban are „Zahtijevanje naroda“ adopted in 1848 and the Croatian-Hungarian settlement adopted in 1868. On March 1848. Josip Jelačić made decisions that briefly brought peace to the country. The most important among them is the one about severing all ties with the Hungarian government, over which Hungarian and Croatian politicians will argue in later periods as well. One of the major milestones in Croatian history was the holding of the Croatian Parliament in the same year, which ended the practice of gathering the class parliament and at which the conclusion was reached on the establishment of a temporary government. During his governance, Jelačić waged a difficult war with the government in Hungary, after which the neo-absolutist period began, in which he was deprived of his former powers as a Croatian ban and during which he became the executor of orders from the Viennese leadership. After short governance of his successor, Ivan Coroninio-Cromberg, Josip Šokčević sat on the ban chair. At the Croatian Parliament held in 1861., requests were made for the return of territories that had been taken from the Three Kingdoms during the previous years, during which Article 42 was adopted, authored by Ivan Mažuranić. Considering that political ideas about the restoration of ties with Hungary appeared in the article, the willingness to enter into a relationship with Hungary was expressed if Hungary recognizes Croatian autonomy and territorial integrity. At the moment when the negotiations regarding the conclusion of the Austro-Hungarian settlement were ongoing, Šokčević deviated from the position of ban, and his successor Levin Rauch, with the help of the majority Unionist Party, managed to conclude a Croatian-Hungarian settlement with the Hungarian party. With the help of his management style and the passing of a law that protected the Agreement, he managed to implement it. After Antun Vakanović and Koloman Bedeković, the bans that followed, the title of ban went to Ivan Mažuranić, who represented an important figure in Croatian history because he brought a series of reforms that greatly modernized Croatian lands. He was succeeded by Ladislav Pejačević, for whom it is important to point out that, in accordance with the king's decision, he implemented the unification of „Vojna Krajina“ with civilian Croatia and Slavonia. When he resigned from the post of ban, he was succeeded by Károly Khuen-Héderváry, who with a series of repressive measures managed to break the resistance to the anti-Croatian policy, but only until the last year of governance- „Narodni pokret“ 1903. |
