Title Urođenost, jezik, moral: Teorija moralne gramatike Title (english) Inatenes, Language and Morals: The Moral Grammar Theory Author Lorena Čempuh Mentor Tomislav Janović (mentor)Committee member Tomislav Janović (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Zvonimir Čuljak (član povjerenstva)Committee member Marko Kardum (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2019-09-10, Croatia Scientific / art field, HUMANISTIC SCIENCES Abstract U radu se razmatra i brani mogućnost postojanja univerzalne moralne gramatike te se navode argumenti u prilog toj teoriji. Kreće se od analogije s lingvistikom i pretpostavke da je čovjekov um modularno organiziran, da postoji moralna sposobnost (modul za moral) i da nam je ta sposobnost urođena. Navedeni pojmovi se definiraju i objašnjavaju na početku rada te ih se stavlja u kontekst univerzalne moralne gramatike. Urođenu sposobnost ili osobinu definira se kao onu koju se može objasniti pozivanjem na biološku evoluciju, ali čije ispoljavanje svejedno ovisi o okolini. Modularnost uma definira se kao specifičnu organizacija uma koja pretpostavlja da je ljudski um podijeljen na zasebne mentalne module koji imaju različite funkcije. U radu se odgovara i na neke od prigovora koji tvrde da zbog modularne enkapsulacije moduli ne mogu biti fleksibilni i osjetljivi na kontekst, što su bitna obilježja ljudskog uma, te se pokazuje kako to ne mora nužno biti slučaj. Objašnjava se kako bi teorija univerzalne moralne gramatike mogla biti analogna teoriji univerzalne gramatike u lingvistici i odakle uopće tendencije za razvoj univerzalne moralne gramatike. Nadalje; pomoću radova Johna Mikhaila – jednog od najistaknutijih zagovornika teorije univerzalne moralne gramatike – odgovara se na pitanja što je univerzalna moralna gramatika, koji su ciljevi i metode kojima se služi te koja su ključna pitanja i pojmovi povezani s tom teorijom. Razmatraju se i najvažniji argumenti u prilog univerzalnoj moralnoj gramatici, provedena istraživanja, kao i odgovori na neke od prigovora. U radu se prikazuje proces donošenja moralnih odluka sa svim njegovim fazama i objašnjavaju se bitni koraci koji utječu na komputaciju nad mentalnim reprezentacijama ljudskih postupaka na temelju kojih donosimo sud o tome je li nešto moralno dopustivo ili nedopustivo. Na temelju iznesenih informacija i činjenice da postoje moralne intuicije koje mnogi ljudi dijele bez obzira na demografske razlike, u radu se razmatra mogućnost postojanja moralnih univerzalija – pravila, normi i zabrana koje možemo naći u svim kulturama. Na samome kraju, tematizira se evolucijsko objašnjenje morala te mogućnost da se univerzalna moralna gramatika objasni u okviru evolucije paradigme.
Abstract (english) This thesis discusses and defends the possible existence of a universal moral grammar and also lists arguments in favour of this theory. It is based on an analogy to linguistics and on the assumptions that our mind is modularly organized; that there is a moral capacity (the moral module) and that this ability is innate to all of us. At the beginning of the thesis, an explanation or a definition of these terms is given, and they are then put into the context of universal moral grammar. For example, an innate trait or capacity is defined as one that can be explained by reference to biological evolution, but its manifestation still depends on the environment. Modularity of the mind is defined as a specific organization of the mind, i.e. this hypothesis states that our mind is divided into mental modules that have different functions. The thesis also acknowledges some of the objections claiming that, because of the modular encapsulation, modules simply cannot be flexible and sensitive to context – which are essential features of the human mind – and shows how this does not necessarily have to be the case. In addition, it is explained that the theory of universal moral grammar could be analogous to the theory of universal grammar in linguistics and the origins of the tendencies for the development of universal moral grammar are presented. Furthermore, the works of John Mikhail – one of the most prominent propagators of the theory of universal moral grammar – are used to help answer the questions of what universal moral grammar really is and what its goals and methods are, which key issues it deals with, and what its terminology includes. The thesis then lists the most important arguments in favour of the universal moral grammar, it presents the research carried out, and provides answers to some of the objections. Most importantly, the thesis describes in details the process of making moral decisions by presenting all its phases. All important elements that affect the computations on mental representations of human procedures by which we ultimately bring judgment on whether something is morally permissible or inadmissible are mentioned and ellucidated. Based on the information presented and the fact that there are moral intuitions shared by many people irrespectively of their demographic differences, the thesis discusses whether there are universal moral principles – rules, norms, prohibitions, etc. – that can be found in all cultures. At the very end, the evolutionary explanation of morality, and whether and how universal moral grammar can be explained in the context of biological evolution, is discussed.
Keywords
modularnost
urođenost
evolucija
moral
univerzalna moralna gramatika
moralna sposobnost
modul za moral
moralna prosudba
John Mikhail.
Keywords (english)
modularity
innateness
evolution
morals
universal moral grammar
moral ability
moral module
moral judgment
John Mikhail.
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:111:042450 Study programme Title: Department of Philosophy; specializations in: scientific, teaching Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2020-01-30 10:03:52
