Title HERCEGOVAČKA FRANJEVAČKA PROVINCIJA U DRUGOM SVJETSKOM RATU I PORAĆU Title (english) THE HERZEGOVINIAN FRANCISCAN PROVINCE DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR AND ITS AFTERMATH Author Hrvoje Mandić Mentor Mario Jareb (mentor)Committee member Josip Jurčević (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Vlatka Vukelić (član povjerenstva)Committee member Zlatko Hasanbegović (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2020-02-04, Croatia Scientific / art field, HUMANISTIC SCIENCES Universal decimal classificationUDC ) 94 - History of individual countries Abstract Franjevački red prisutan je u Bosni i Hercegovini od 13. stoljeća. Hercegovački franjevci utemeljili su sredinom 19. stoljeća samostalnu zajednicu koja je 1892. godine dobila status provincije sa sjedištem u Mostaru. Utemeljenjem franjevačke klasične gimnazije i studija bogoslovije franjevci su pridonijeli razvoju školstva, kulture i vjere. Uoči početka Drugoga svjetskoga rata hercegovačka franjevačka provincija obuhvaćala je tri samostana, trideset župa zapadne i sjeverozapadne Hercegovine u kojima su služila 162 franjevaca. Slomom Kraljevine Jugoslavije u travnju 1941. proglašena je Nezavisna Država Hrvatska. Kao sastavni dio meteža koji je pratio raspad stare i proglašenje nove države, u Hercegovini su izbili oružani sukobi između pripadnika vojske Kraljevine Jugoslavije i lokalnoga hrvatskoga stanovništva. Nakon proglašenja NDH ostatci vojske Kraljevine Jugoslavije i četničke skupine vodile su oružanu borbu protiv netom uspostavljenih upravnih i vojnih struktura NDH. Sukobi su trajali tijekom cijelog ratnog razdoblja, a okončani su krajem svibnja 1945. slomom NDH i poratnim partizanskim likvidacijama hrvatskih civila i vojnika oružanih snaga NDH. Stanje u Hercegovačkoj franjevačkoj provinciji bilo je složeno. Jedna skupina mlađih hercegovačkih franjevaca podupirala je ideju novoosnovane hrvatske države. Zbog toga su, kao i zbog međunacionalnih sukoba u Hercegovini, fra Dominik Mandić, mostarski biskup fra Alojzije Mišić i upravljačka struktura Hercegovačke franjevačke provincije tražili od franjevaca da se ne bave politikom. Fra Justin (Rafo) Medić i fra Rade Glavaš oglušili su se na upute Provincije i pristupili vlastima NDH. Pojedini hercegovački franjevci spašavali su žrtve ustaških, četničkih, partizanskih, njemačkih i talijanskih progona tijekom cijeloga rata. Nakon povlačenja njemačkih snaga iz Dalmacije u jesen 1944., partizanski je pokret uspostavio vlast u većem dijelu istočne i zapadne Hercegovine. Komunistička partija Jugoslavije označila je Katoličku Crkvu, a time i hercegovačke franjevce, svojim glavnim ideološkim protivnicima na tom prostoru. Osvajanjem većega dijela Hercegovine krajem 1944. i konačnim zauzimanjem u proljeće 1945. partizani su pobili 66 franjevaca. Provinciji su u neposrednu poraću oduzeli imovinu, ukinuli škole, zabranili vjeronauk i krajem 1945. doveli ju na rub propasti.
Abstract (english) The Franciscan Order has been present in Bosnia and Herzegovina since the 13th century. Herzegovinian Franciscans founded an independent community in the middle of the 19th century, which received the Status of Province in 1892 with its seat in Mostar. Franciscans contributed to the development of education, culture and faith by establishing the Franciscan Classical Gymnasium and Seminary. Before WWII, the Province encompassed three monasteries, thirty parishes in West and Northwest Herzegovina, with 162 officiating Friars. The demise of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in April 1941 was followed by the proclamation of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH). As an integral part of the unrest accompanying the demise of the old and the proclamation of the new state, armed conflict broke out in Herzegovina between members of the Royal Yugoslav Army and the local Croatian population. After the proclamation of NDH, the remains of the Royal Yugoslav Army and Chetnik groups fought against the newly established administration and military forces of NDH. These conflicts continued during the whole war and ended towards the end of May 1945 with the fall of NDH and the post-war Partisan executions of Croatian civilians and soldiers of the NDH armed forces. The situation in the Herzegovinian Franciscan province was complicated. A group of young Herzegovinian Franciscans supported the idea of the newly established Croatian state. For this reason and due to the inter-national conflicts in Herzegovina, friar Dominik Mandić, the bishop of Mostar Fr. Alojzije Mišić and the administration of the Herzegovinian Franciscan Province instructed friars not to become politically active. Fr. Justin (Rafo) Medić and Fr. Rade Glavaš turned a deaf ear to the Provincial instructions and joined the NDH government. Individual Herzegovinian friars spent the war rescuing victims of Ustaše, Chetnik, Partisan, German and Italian persecution. After the retreat of German forces from Dalmatia in autumn 1944, the Partisan movement established government in the larger part of eastern and western Herzegovina. The Communist Party of Yugoslavia marked the Catholic Church, and consequently the Herzegovinian Franciscans, as their main ideological opponents in the region. After having conquered the greater part of Herzegovina towards the end of 1944 and the final conquest in the spring of 1945, Partisans executed 66 Franciscan friars. In the period immediately following the war, the Province had its property confiscated, its schools closed, scripture classes banned and towards the end of 1945, it was on the brink of extinction.
Keywords
Hercegovački franjevci
1941.-1945. godina
uprava NDH
talijanska vojska
njemačka vojska i partizani
Keywords (english)
Herzegovinian Franciscans
1941-1945
NDH government
Italian army
German army
Partisans
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:111:892253 Study programme Title: Postgraduate doctroal study in history Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2020-03-02 10:36:39
