Neuralna elektrofiziološka aktivnost pri kognitivnoj kontroli na početku i kraju mlađe odrasle dobi

master's thesis

• Title (english): Cognitive control and neural electrophysiological activity at the beginning and the end of young adulthood
• Author: Patricia Tomac
• Mentor: Zdravko Petanjek (mentor)
• Mentor: Martina Knežević (mentor)
• Committee member: Ljiljana Pačić Turk (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Martina Knežević (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Zdravko Petanjek (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Croatian Studies; (Department of Psychology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016-07-12, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Psychology

Abstract

Kognitivna kontrola odnosi se na sposobnost integracije nekoliko različitih procesa s ciljem prilagodbe trenutnim zahtjevima, a njezina se učinkovitost poboljšava tijekom razvoja. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je ispitati razlike u neuralnoj elektrofiziološkoj aktivnosti u podlozi procesa kognitivne kontrole između kasnih adolescenata (19 – 21 godinu) i mlađih odraslih (28 – 44 godine). Ukupno je sudjelovalo 89 dobrovoljaca. Istraživanje je provedeno individualno u dva dijela. Prvi je susret uključivao predtestiranje (KNT, EPQ) i uvježbavanje eksperimentalnog zadatka. Na drugom su susretu sudionici rješavali modificirani Stroopov zadatak s četiri boje, pri čemu je bilježena neuralna elektrofiziološka aktivnost, bihevioralni odgovori i vrijeme reakcije. Analiza srednjih amplitudi komponenata kognitivnih evociranih potencijala pokazala je statistički značajne razlike između kasnih adolescenata i mlađih odraslih. Kod komponente N200 kasni su adolescenti općenito imali manje negativne amplitude od mlađih odraslih. Kod komponenti P300 i N450 razlike su bile prisutne samo u nekongruentnom uvjetu, pri čemu su mlađi odrasli imali negativnije vrijednosti amplituda. Točnije, dobivena je značajna interakcija uvjeta i dobi, te je kod mlađih odraslih vidljivo smanjenje pozitivnosti komponente P300 i povećanje negativnosti komponente N450 u nekongruentnom u odnosu na kongruentni uvjet, dok se kod adolescenata vrijednosti amplituda komponenti u različitim uvjetima zadatka nisu razlikovale. Osim toga, kasni su adolescenti u nekongruentnom uvjetu imali značajno više pogrešaka od mlađih odraslih. Rezultati ukazuju na to da procesi kognitivne kontrole u kasnoj adolescenciji još uvijek nisu na razini odraslih, što može sugerirati da se kortikalni putovi u podlozi istraživanih komponenata nastavljaju usavršavati tijekom kasne adolescencije.

Abstract (english)

Cognitive control refers to the ability to integrate several distinct cognitive processes according to current demands. The success of its implementation improves during development. The main aim of this study was to compare neural electrophysiological processes of cognitive control between late adolescents (19 – 21 year olds) and young adults (28 – 44 year olds). Eighty-nine volunteers participated in the study. The study was conducted individually, in two sessions. The first session included pretesting (KNT, EPQ) and experimental task training. During the second session, Modified Stroop task was applied, while the neural electrophysiological activity (EEG), behavioral responses, and reaction time were recorded. ERP component analysis revealed significant differences between late adolescents and young adults. Late adolescents showed generally less negative amplitudes of the N200 component. Differences in amplitudes of P300 and N450 components were evident only in incongruent condition, where young adults showed greater negativity in both components. More precisely, there was age-by-condition interaction. Thus, the positivity reduction of the P300 and negativity enhancement of the N450 amplitudes in the incongruent condition found among young adults was not observed among late adolescents, where the P300 and N450 amplitudes were similar in both conditions. Moreover, late adolescents made significantly more errors than young adults. The results suggest that cognitive control in late adolescence is still not at the adult level, which may indicate that the cortical pathways that underlie cognitive control continue to improve during this age.

• Keywords: kognitivna kontrola; kasni adolescent; mlađi odrasli; produljeni razvoj mozga; kognitivni evocirani potencijali (KEP)
• Keywords (english): cognitive control; late adolescence; young adults; protracted brain development; event-related potentials (ERP)
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:111:524696
• Study programme: Title: Department of Psychology; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra psihologije (magistar/magistra psihologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2016-07-19 11:41:16